签证 敏感专业(签证专业术语)

签证，这个看似简单却往往让人头疼的词，对于留学生来说，更是至关重要的一环。而在这其中，敏感专业的申请更是让人摸不着头脑。今天，就让我来为大家揭开这个神秘的面纱，聊聊签证敏感专业那些事儿。

一、什么是敏感专业？

我们先来了解一下什么是敏感专业。所谓敏感专业，通常指的是那些与国家安全、军事、科技等领域相关的专业。这些专业往往需要申请者具备较高的背景审查标准，甚至需要在申请签证时提供额外的证明材料。

以下是一些常见的敏感专业：

专业名称	所属领域
航空航天	国防科技
军事工程	国防科技
生物技术	生物安全
化学工程	化学安全
电子信息	国家安全
材料科学	国防科技
计算机科学与技术	国家安全

二、敏感专业申请签证的注意事项

了解了敏感专业，接下来我们就来聊聊申请签证时需要注意的事项。

1. 提前准备

（1）了解签证政策

在申请签证之前，一定要详细了解相关国家的签证政策，特别是对于敏感专业的申请者来说，更要关注签证政策中关于敏感专业的具体规定。

（2）收集相关材料

申请签证时，需要准备的材料较多，对于敏感专业来说，更需要提前准备以下材料：

• 个人简历：详细列出自己的教育背景、工作经历、研究项目等，突出与敏感专业相关的内容。
• 推荐信：由熟悉你研究领域的专家或导师出具的推荐信，证明你的专业能力和研究兴趣。
• 研究计划：详细阐述你的研究内容和目标，以及为什么选择该专业和研究方向。

2. 背景审查

对于敏感专业的申请者，签证官往往会进行严格的背景审查。以下是一些可能影响背景审查的因素：

• 教育背景：是否曾在敏感领域学习或工作过。
• 工作经历：是否曾在敏感领域工作过，以及工作内容。
• 社会关系：是否有与敏感领域相关的人脉关系。

3. 面试技巧

面试是申请签证的重要环节，以下是一些面试技巧：

• 自信：在面试过程中，保持自信，展现自己的专业能力和研究兴趣。
• 诚实：对于自己的背景和经历，要如实回答，不要夸大或隐瞒。
• 礼貌：在面试过程中，保持礼貌，尊重签证官。

三、敏感专业申请签证的攻略

了解了注意事项，接下来我们就来聊聊一些实用的攻略。

1. 寻找导师

在申请敏感专业时，寻找一位熟悉该领域的导师非常重要。导师可以帮助你了解签证政策，指导你准备申请材料，并在面试过程中提供帮助。

2. 参加学术会议

参加学术会议可以让你了解最新的研究动态，结识同行，并为你的申请增加亮点。

3. 关注政策变化

签证政策会随着国家政策的变化而变化，因此，要时刻关注政策变化，及时调整申请策略。

四、

申请签证敏感专业并非易事，但只要我们提前做好准备，了解相关注意事项，掌握一些实用的攻略，相信一定能够顺利获得签证。祝大家前程似锦，梦想成真！

美国签证办理敏感专业

办理签证的人很多，其实不同专业的学生或人士办理签证可能会有不同的影响，关于签证办理的敏感专业有哪些呢?不少人对此比较感兴趣，和一起来看看美国签证办理敏感专业!欢迎阅读。

美国签证办理敏感专业

在申请美国签证的时候，申请人如果所处的敏感行业或者学习的敏感专业，都会加大被拒签的可能性，这部分申请人一般都会被行政审核，领馆需要做背景调查，而且批下来的签证有效期有可能只为1年有效期。

申请美国签证常见的敏感专业列表

传统武器

核技术

导弹/导弹技术

飞机和导弹推进和车辆系统

导航和指导控制

化学与生物工程

远程成像和侦察

先进的计算机/微电子技术

材料技术

信息安全

激光与直接能源系统技术

传感器和传感器技术

船舶技术

机器人技术

申请美国签证常见的敏感专业详细说明

CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS(传统武器):

Technologies associated with warhead and other large caliber projectiles, reactive armor and warhead defeat systems, fusing, and arming systems.

NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY(核技术):

This section covers technologies associated with the production and use of nuclear material for both peaceful and military applications. Included are technologies for enrichment of fissile material, for reprocessing irradiated nuclear fuel to recover produced platinum, production of heavy water for moderator material, plutonium and tritium handling, as well as certain associated technologies related to high energy physics. It includes research and poser reactors, breeder and production reactors, fissile or special nuclear materials; uranium enrichment, including gaseous diffusion, centrifuge, aerodynamics, chemical, electromagnetic isotopic separation(EMIS) laser, isotopic separation(LIS); spent fuel reprocessing, plutonium, mixed oxide nuclear research, inertial confinement fusion(ICF), magnetic confinement fusion, plasma, nuclear fuel fabrication including mixed oxide(uranium-plutonium) fuels(MOX), heavy water production, tritium production and sue, electromagnetic pulse(EMP); hardening technology.

MISSILE/MISSILE TECHNOLOGY(导弹/导弹技术):

Technologies associated with air vehicles and missile systems. The technology needed to develop a satellite launch vehicle is virtually identical to that needed to build a ballistic missile. Technologies include rocket systems, ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and sounding rockets and unmanned air equipment and reentry vehicles.

AIRCRAFT AND MISSILE PROPULSION AND VEHICULAR SYSTEMS(飞机和导弹推进和车辆系统):

The propulsion technologies included are associated with near-earth super and hypersonic flight propulsion systems for

aircraft and missiles. Many of these technologies are dual use. Technologies include liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems; missile propulsion and systems integration; individual rocket states or staging/separation mechanism; aerospace thermal and high-performance structures; propulsion systems test facilities.

NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE CONTROL(导航和指导控制):

These capabilities directly determine the delivery accuracy and lethality of both unguided and guided weapons. The long-term costs to design, build and apply these technologies have been a limiting proliferation factor. Technologies include those associated with internal navigation systems, tracking and terminal homing devices; accelerometers, vehicle and flight control systems.

CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING(化学与生物工程):

Of specific concern is the ability to develop, produce, and disseminate toxic chemicals, biological and toxin agents. The technologies that could be applied to produce chemical and biological agents are used widely by civilian research laboratories and industry; these technologies are relatively common in many countries. Advanced biotechnology has the potential to support biological weapons research. Look for technologies associated with bacteriology(especially pathogenic), mutagens, mycology, neurotoxins, reconbiant technology, toxins, venoms, virology, precursor chemicals, toxicological research, chemical production equipment.

REMOTE IMAGING AND RECONNAISSANCE(远程成像和侦察):

Remote sensing technologies are inherently dual-use; technologies can be used for civilian imagery projects or for military reconnaissance efforts. Drones and remotely piloted vehicles enhance reconnaissance abilities. These are technologies associated with remote sensing satellites; imagery systems; high resolution cameras and optics; air vehicles; remotely-piloted vehicles, drones.

ADVANCED COMPUTER/MICROELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY(先进的计算机/微电子技术):

Advance computers and software play a useful(but not necessarily critical) role in the development and deployment of missiles and missile systems, and in the development and production of nuclear weapons. Advance computer capabilities are also used in over-the- horizon targeting, airborne early warning targeting, electronic countermeasures(ECM) processors. These technologies are associated with supercomputing, hybrid computing; speech processing/recognition systems; neural networks; data fusion; quantum wells, resonant tunneling; superconductivity; advance optoeletronics, acoustic wave devices, superconducting electron devices, flash discharge type x-ray systems; frequency synthesizers; microcomputer compensated crystal oscillators.

MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY(材料技术):

The metallic, ceramic, and composite materials are primarily related to structural functions in aircraft, spacecraft, missiles, undersea vehicles, and propulsion devices. Polymers provide seals and sealants for containment of identified fluids and lubricants for various vehicles and devices. Selected specialty materials provide critical capabilities that exploit electromagnetic absorption, magnetic, or superconductivity characteristics.. These technologies are associated with advance metals and alloys; non-composite ceramic materials, ceramic, cermet, organic and carbon materials; polymeric materials; synthetic fluids; hot isostatic densifications; intermetallic; organometals; liquid and solid lubricant; magnetic metals and superconductive conductors.

INFORMATION SECURITY(信息安全):

Technologies associated with cryptography and cryptographic systems to ensure secrecy for communications, video, data and related software.

LASERS AND DIRECTED ENERGY SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY(激光与直接能源系统技术):

Lasers have critical military applications, including incorporation in guided ordnance such as laser guided bombs and ranging devices. Directed energy technologies are used to generate electromagnetic radiation or particle beams and to project that energy on a specific target. Kinetic energy technologies are those used to impart a high velocity to a mass and direct it to a target. Directed energy and kinetic energy technologies have potential utility in countering missiles and other applications. Look for technologies associated with atomic vapor laser isotope separation(AVLIS), molecular laser isotope separation(MLIS); high energy lasers(HEL), low energy lasers(LEL), semiconductor lasers, free electron lasers, directed energy(DE), kinetic energy(KE) systems, particle beam, beam rider, electromagnetic guns, optoelectronics, optical tracking, high energy density, high-speed pulse generation, pulsed power, hypersonic/hypervelocity, magnetohydronynamics.

SENSORS AND SENSOR TECHNOLOGY(传感器和传感器技术):

Sensors provide real-time information and data; the side with superior sensors has a considerable advantage. Marina acoustics is critical in anti- submarine warfare; gravity meters are essential for missile launch calibration. Look for technologies associated with marine acoustics, optical sensors, night-visions devices, image intensification devices; gravity meters; high speed photographic equipment; magnetometers.

MARINE TECHNOLOGY(船舶技术):

Marine technologies are often associated with submarines and other deep submersible vessels; propulsion systems designed for undersea use and navigation and quieting systems are associated with reducing detectability and enhancing operations survivability. Look for technologies connected with submarines and submersibles, undersea robots, marine propulsion systems; signature recognition; acoustic and non-acoustic detection; acoustic, ware, radar and magnetic signature reduction, magnetohydrodynamics; stirring engines.

ROBOTICS(机器人技术):

Technologies associated with artificial intelligence, automation, computer-controlled machine tools; pattern recognition technologies.

以上是我精心整理的美国签证办理，谢谢浏览。

美国签证办理敏感专业介绍

我为大家介绍美国签证办理敏感专业介绍，希望对出国留学的同学有所帮助。想了解更多留学精彩内容，为你详细解答。办理美国签证的时候，针对有些敏感专业会遭到拒签的情况，那么所谓的敏感专业是指哪些专业呢?下面我就给大家整理一下美国签证拒签容易发生的14个敏感专业。如果自己的专业或研究方向和这些相关，尽量淡化,或者想好说明和做好被check的心理准备了.

1. CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS:

Technologies associated with warhead and other large caliber projectiles, reactive armor and

warhead defeat systems, fusing, and arming systems.

2. NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY:

This section covers technologies associated with the production and use of nuclear material for both peaceful and military applications. Included are technologies for enrichment of fissile material, for reprocessing irradiated nuclear fuel to recover produced platinum, production of heavy water for moderator material, plutonium and tritium handling, as well as certain associated technologies related to high energy physics. It includes research and poser reactors, breeder and production reactors, fissile or special nuclear materials; uranium enrichment, including gaseous diffusion, centrifuge, aerodynamics, chemical, electromagnetic isotopic separation(EMIS) laser, isotopic separation(LIS); spent fuel reprocessing, plutonium, mixed oxide nuclear research, inertial confinement fusion(ICF), magnetic confinement fusion, plasma, nuclear fuel fabrication including mixed oxide(uranium-plutonium) fuels(MOX), heavy water production, tritium production and sue, electromagnetic pulse(EMP); hardening technology.

3. MISSILE/MISSILE TECHNOLOGY:

Technologies associated with air vehicles and missile systems. The technology needed to develop a satellite launch vehicle is virtually identical to that needed to build a ballistic missile. Technologies include rocket systems, ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and sounding rockets and unmanned air equipment and reentry vehicles.

4. AIRCRAFT AND MISSILE PROPULSION AND VEHICULAR SYSTEMS:

The propulsion technologies included are associated with near-earth super and hypersonic flight propulsion systems for

aircraft and missiles. Many of these technologies are dual use. Technologies include liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems; missile propulsion and systems integration; individual rocket states or staging/separation mechanism; aerospace thermal and high-performance structures; propulsion systems test facilities.

5. NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE CONTROL:

These capabilities directly determine the delivery accuracy and lethality of both unguided and guided weapons. The long-term costs to design, build and apply these technologies have been a limiting proliferation factor. Technologies include those associated with internal navigation systems, tracking and terminal homing devices; accelerometers, vehicle and flight control systems.

6. CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING:

Of specific concern is the ability to develop, produce, and disseminate toxic chemicals, biological and toxin agents. The technologies that could be applied to produce chemical and biological agents are used widely by civilian research laboratories and industry; these technologies are relatively common in many countries. Advanced biotechnology has the potential to support biological weapons research. Look for technologies associated with bacteriology(especially pathogenic), mutagens, mycology, neurotoxins, reconbiant technology, toxins, venoms, virology, precursor chemicals, toxicological research, chemical production equipment.

7. REMOTE IMAGING AND RECONNAISSANCE:

Remote sensing technologies are inherently dual-use; technologies can be used for civilian imagery projects or for military reconnaissance efforts. Drones and remotely piloted vehicles enhance reconnaissance abilities. These are technologies associated with remote sensing satellites; imagery systems; high resolution cameras and optics; air vehicles; remotely-piloted vehicles, drones.

8. ADVANCED COMPUTER/MICROELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY:

Advance computers and software play a useful(but not necessarily critical) role in the development and deployment of missiles and missile systems, and in the development and production of nuclear weapons. Advance computer capabilities are also used in over-the- horizon targeting, airborne early warning targeting, electronic countermeasures(ECM) processors. These technologies are associated with supercomputing, hybrid computing; speech processing/recognition systems; neural networks; data fusion; quantum wells, resonant tunneling; superconductivity; advance optoeletronics, acoustic wave devices, superconducting electron devices, flash discharge type x-ray systems; frequency synthesizers; microcomputer compensated crystal oscillators.

9. MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY:

The metallic, ceramic, and composite materials are primarily related to structural functions in aircraft, spacecraft, missiles, undersea vehicles, and propulsion devices. Polymers provide seals and sealants for containment of identified fluids and lubricants for various vehicles and devices. Selected specialty materials provide critical capabilities that exploit electromagnetic absorption, magnetic, or superconductivity characteristics.. These technologies are associated with advance metals and alloys; non-composite ceramic materials, ceramic, cermet, organic and carbon materials; polymeric materials; synthetic fluids; hot isostatic densifications; intermetallic; organometals; liquid and solid lubricant; magnetic metals and superconductive conductors.

10. INFORMATION SECURITY:

Technologies associated with cryptography and cryptographic systems to ensure secrecy for communications, video, data and related software.

11. LASERS AND DIRECTED ENERGY SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY:

Lasers have critical military applications, including incorporation in guided ordnance such as laser guided bombs and ranging devices. Directed energy technologies are used to generate electromagnetic radiation or particle beams and to project that energy on a specific target. Kinetic energy technologies are those used to impart a high velocity to a mass and direct it to a target. Directed energy and kinetic energy technologies have potential utility in countering missiles and other applications. Look for technologies associated with atomic vapor laser isotope separation(AVLIS), molecular laser isotope separation(MLIS); high energy lasers(HEL), low energy lasers(LEL), semiconductor lasers, free electron lasers, directed energy(DE), kinetic energy(KE) systems, particle beam, beam rider, electromagnetic guns, optoelectronics, optical tracking, high energy density, high-speed pulse generation, pulsed power, hypersonic/hypervelocity, magnetohydronynamics.

12. SENSORS AND SENSOR TECHNOLOGY:

Sensors provide real-time information and data; the side with superior sensors has a considerable advantage. Marina acoustics is critical in anti- submarine warfare; gravity meters are essential for missile launch calibration. Look for technologies associated with marine acoustics, optical sensors, night-visions devices, image intensification devices; gravity meters; high speed photographic equipment; magnetometers.

13. MARINE TECHNOLOGY:

Marine technologies are often associated with submarines and other deep submersible vessels; propulsion systems designed for undersea use and navigation and quieting systems are associated with reducing detectability and enhancing operations survivability. Look for technologies connected with submarines and submersibles, undersea robots, marine propulsion systems; signature recognition; acoustic and non-acoustic detection; acoustic, ware, radar and magnetic signature reduction, magnetohydrodynamics; stirring engines.

14. ROBOTICS:

Technologies associated with artificial intelligence, automation, computer-controlled machine tools; pattern recognition technologies.

本文针对美国签证拒签容易发生的14个敏感专业进行了介绍，需要办理美国签证的同学，可以通过本文了解这些专业，看看自己的专业是否包括在内，提前做好准备，预防拒签的悲剧发生。

申请美国留学签证有哪些敏感专业

申请签证是美国留学的最后一关，也是难度相当大的一关。签证是否通过，决定你能否去美国留学。影响签证申请难度的一个重要方面就是你去美国留学的专业，有些敏感专业或者有移民倾向的专业很容易被拒签。如果申请的是这些专业，就要更认真更全面的准备签证材料以及签证问题，这样能增加签证通过的机率。今天，天道小编就给大家盘点那些不容易过签的美国留学敏感专业。

信息安全专业 Intelligence Security

与加密和解密系统相关的技术，以确保保密通信，视频，数据和相关软件的安全。数据安全对于一个国家来讲至关重要，所以美国也并不很愿意将自己的技术教育给其他国家的学生，以免自己的先进技术被他国利用!

远程拍摄和侦查专业

遥感技术算是冷门专业，属于高科技范畴!虽然我们知道的遥感技术多少民用，但是也是可以运用于某些侦查项目——例如无人驾驶飞机和遥控飞行器的侦查能力等等!甚至和卫星遥感技术业相关!该专业还会涉及到光学等其他学科的知识!

高级电脑/微电子技术专业

推进计算机和软件在导弹和导弹系统的开发和部署，并有利于核武器的研发和生产。其中技术包括：空中预警定位，电子对抗的处理器，微机补偿晶体振荡器等。

材料科技专业

我们所说的材料并不是服装或民用设备的材料科技专业!而是涉及到飞机、航天器和潜水艇的复合新材料!选定的特种材料具有可以开发电磁吸，磁和超导的特殊能

力。这些技术与先进的金属和合金，非复合陶瓷材料，陶瓷，金属陶瓷，有机碳材料，聚合材料等有关。所以签证官会将这类的高科技专业例如为重点保护的专业，

所以在面签的时候一定会遭受到再三的盘问!

化学与生物工程则是中国理科生最喜欢的专业之一!毕业之后可以从事高科技研究和制药行业!之所以这个备受追崇的专业也算在敏感专业，是因为这个专业可利用专业知识制造危险品。

导航和制导控制专业

这些能力直接决定了两个非制导和制导武器的发射精度和杀伤力。技术包括那些与内部导航系统相关的，跟踪和末端知道装置。飞行和车辆的控制系统。

导弹专业

与飞行器和导弹系统相关的技术都会被列为美国受保护的专业，所以即使是在申请的时候也会被收阻挡。卫星运载火箭的开发技术，其中包括弹道导弹、太空运载火箭、太空火箭、无人驾驶空中设备和载入飞行器。

飞机与导弹的推进系统和车载系统专业

与飞机和导弹的近地高超音速飞行相关的推进技术。许多这样的技术都是具有双重用途的，其中包括液体和固体火箭推进系统技术，独立火箭状态或分离机制，航天

耐热高性能结构和推进系统试验设施技术。这些高科技算是最高国家保护的机密，即使在在中国，一般人都不是那么容易接触到，更别说外国人了!同理我们也可以

理解为什么美国签证官为什么会斟酌你的签证申请了!

以上这些专业就是美国签证申请难度很大的一些敏感专业。如果你决定要去美国就读这些专业，一定要更认真更慎重的准备签证。

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